Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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1.
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A useful device for predicting
the possible offspring of crosses between different genotypes is the _____. a. | Mendel’s square | c. | Punnett square | b. | Pyramid of offspring | d. | Pyramid of generations | | | | |
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2.
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An RNA molecule is a polymer
composed of subunits known as _____. a. | polysaccharides | c. | nucleotides | b. | ribose
molecules | d. | uracil molecules | | | | |
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3.
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If the sides of a cell double
in length, its surface area becomes _____ times as large.
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4.
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A cell moves particles from a
region of lesser concentration to a region of greater concentration by _____. a. | facilitated diffusion | c. | osmosis | b. | passive
transport | d. | active transport | | | | |
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5.
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The _____ produced by each
parent are shown along the sides of a Punnett square. a. | zygotes | c. | gametes | b. | offspring | d. | hybrids | | | | |
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6.
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The gamete that contains genes
contributed only by the mother is _____. a. | the sperm | c. | a zygote | b. | an egg | d. | dominant | | | | |
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7.
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In chickens, rose comb
(R) is dominant to single comb (r). A homozygous rose-combed rooster is mated with a
single-combed hen. All of the chicks in the F1 generation were kept together as a group
for several years. They were allowed to mate only within their own group. What is the expected
phenotype of the F2 chicks? a. | 100% rose comb | b. | 75% rose comb and 25% single comb | c. | 100% single comb | d. | 50% rose comb and 50% single
comb | | |
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8.
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What level of organization is
shown in Figure 8-7?
a. | tissue | c. | organ system | b. | organ | d. | organism | | | | |
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9.
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Which of the following monitors
a cell's progress from phase to phase during the cell cycle? a. | a series of enzymes | c. | lipid molecules | b. | microtubules | d. | protein molecules | | | | |
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10.
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Which of the following is
not a form of passive transport? a. | facilitated
diffusion | c. | simple diffusion | b. | endocytosis | d. | osmosis | | | | |
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11.
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The causes of cancer may
include which of the following? a. | environmental
influences | c. | viruses | b. | UV
radiation | d. | all of the above | | | | |
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12.
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What is the genotype in the
bottom right-hand quadrant in Figure 10-6?
Figure 10-6
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13.
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Which of the following
describes an organism that has the genotype Bb? a. | homozygous | c. | inbreed | b. | heterozygous | d. | purebred | | | | |
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14.
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A gene is a segment of DNA that
controls the production of _____. a. | carbohydrates | c. | chromosomes | b. | lipids | d. | proteins | | | | |
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15.
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A white mouse whose parents are
both white produces only brown offspring when mated with a brown mouse. The white mouse is most
probably _____. a. | homozygous recessive | c. | homozygous
dominant | b. | heterozygous | d. | haploid | | | | |
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16.
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Among the following, the term
that includes the others is _____. a. | interphase | c. | mitosis | b. | cytokinesis | d. | cell cycle | | | | |
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17.
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Mendel's law of segregation
states that during meiosis, the factors that control each trait separate, and only _____ from each
pair is/are passed to the offspring. a. | one factor | c. | two factors | b. | the dominant trait | d. | the recessive trait | | | | |
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18.
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By the end of prophase, each of
the following has occurred except _____. a. | tighter coiling of the
chromosomes | b. | breaking down of the nuclear envelope | c. | disappearing of the nucleolus | d. | lining up of chromosomes in the cell | | |
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19.
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Watson and Crick were the first
to suggest that DNA is _____. a. | a short
molecule | c. | a protein molecule | b. | the shape of a double
helix | d. | the genetic material | | | | |
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20.
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Unlike plant cells, animal
cells contain _____. a. | cell walls | c. | nucleoli | b. | centrioles | d. | chloroplasts | | | | |
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21.
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Which of the following
structures is the most complex? a. | cell | c. | organ | b. | organ system | d. | tissue | | | | |
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22.
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Messenger RNA is formed in the
process of _____. a. | transcription | c. | replication | b. | translation | d. | mutation | | | | |
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23.
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The longest phase of the cell
cycle is _____. a. | prophase | c. | metaphase | b. | interphase | d. | anaphase | | | | |
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24.
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Using Figure 10-3, which
process would result in the formation of chromosome C from chromosomes A and
B?
Figure
10-3 a. | asexual reproduction | c. | crossing over | b. | independent assortment | d. | segregation | | | | |
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25.
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Which conditions might cause a
cell to burst? a. | hypotonic solution | c. | hypertonic
solution | b. | isotonic solution | d. | saturated
solution | | | | |
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Figure
8-8
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26.
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If cancer is present, what is
the likely explanation for what happened to cells B and D? a. | they thrived with the cancerous cells | b. | they were harmed by radiation therapy | c. | they died off on due to natural causes | d. | they died off because the cancerous cells deprived them of
nutrients | | |
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27.
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Which of the cells depicted in
the line graph in Figure 8-8 are most likely cancerous?
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28.
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When an area of a chromatid is
exchanged with the matching area on a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, _____
occurs. a. | crossing over | c. | hybridization | b. | mutagenesis | d. | fertilization | | | | |
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29.
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X rays, ultraviolet light, and
radioactive substances that can change the chemical nature of DNA are classified as
_____. a. | growth regulators | c. | hydrolytic
enzymes | b. | metamorphic molecules | d. | mutagens | | | | |
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30.
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A dog's phenotype can be
determined by _____. a. | looking at the dog's
parents | b. | examining the dog's chromosomes | c. | mating the dog and examining its offspring | d. | looking at the dog | | |
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31.
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If cells are placed in a strong
sugar solution, water will _____. a. | pass from the sugar solution to the
cells | b. | pass from the cells to the sugar solution | c. | stay in the cell | d. | pass back and
forth | | |
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32.
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If the sides of a cell double
in length, its volume increases by _____ times.
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33.
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In which part of the cell does
translation take place? a. | in the
nucleus | c. | at the ribosomes | b. | in food
vacuoles | d. | on the chromosome | | | | |
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34.
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Water moves out of a cell if
the cell is placed in a(n) _____ solution. a. | hypertonic | c. | hypotonic | b. | isotonic | d. | passive | | | | |
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35.
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The passing on of traits from
parents to offspring is called _____. a. | genetics | c. | inbreeding | b. | heredity | d. | gene splicing | | | | |
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36.
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A DNA segment is changed from
-AATTAGAAATAG- to -ATTAGAAATAG-. This is a ____. a. | frameshift mutation | c. | inversion | b. | point
mutation | d. | translation | | | | |
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37.
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The pairing of _____ in DNA is
the key feature that allows DNA to be copied. a. | nucleotides | c. | chromosomes | b. | nitrogen
bases | d. | codons | | | | |
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38.
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Which of the following would be
least likely to happen as a result of a mutation in a person's skin cells? a. | skin cancer | b. | reduced functioning of the skin
cell | c. | no change in functioning of the skin cell | d. | the person's offspring have mutated skin | | |
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39.
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Pollination can best be
described as _____. a. | the fusing of the egg nucleus with the
pollen nucleus | b. | the transfer of the male pollen grain to the female
organ | c. | the formation of male and female sex cells | d. | the type of cell division that produces diploid gametes | | |
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40.
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The chromosomes shown in Figure
8-6 are in which state of mitosis?
Figure 8-6 a. | prophase | c. | anaphase | b. | metaphase | d. | telophase | | | | |
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Figure
10-7
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41.
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What fraction of this cross
will be recessive for both traits?
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42.
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How should the top row of
Figure 10-7 read? a. | MmxX, Mnxx, mmXx, mmxx | c. | XXMM, MMxX, mMXX,
mMxX | b. | MMXx, MMxx, MmXx, Mmxx | d. | MMXX, MMXx, MmXX,
MmXx | | | | |
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Figure
10-8
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43.
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In Figure 10-8, what gamaetes
will result if each chromatid crossed with a nonsister chromatid?
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44.
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In Figure 10-8, what gametes
will result if there is only a single crossover?
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45.
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The backbone of a DNA molecule
is made of which two components? a. | phosphate molecules and ribose
sugars | b. | deoxyphosphate molecules and ribose sugars | c. | phosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars | d. | deoxyphosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars | | |
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46.
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In mink, brown fur color is
dominant to silver-blue fur color. If a homozygous brown mink is mated with a silver-blue mink and 8
offspring are produced, how many would be expected to be silver-blue?
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47.
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Ribosomes are made of
_____. a. | rRNA and protein | c. | rRNA and mRNA | b. | tRNA and mRNA | d. | protein and tRNA | | | | |
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48.
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Genes located on homologous
chromosomes may have alternate forms that control different forms of a trait. These alternate forms
of a gene are called _____. a. | alleles | c. | phenotypes | b. | centromeres | d. | gametes | | | | |
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49.
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Water moves into a cell placed
in a(n) _____ solution. a. | osmotic | c. | hypotonic | b. | hypertonic | d. | isotonic | | | | |
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50.
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Which series is arranged in
order from largest to smallest in size? a. | chromosome, nucleus, cell, DNA,
nucleotide | b. | cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide | c. | nucleotide, chromosome, cell, DNA, nucleus | d. | cell, nucleotide, nucleus, DNA, chromosome | | |
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51.
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The law of independent
assortment states that the inheritance of alleles for one trait is not affected by the inheritance of
alleles for a different trait if the genes for the traits are on _____. a. | separate chromosomes | c. | the same chromosome | b. | homologous chromosomes | d. | homozygous chromosomes | | | | |
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52.
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The statement: "In
meiosis, the way in which a chromosome pair separates does not affect the way other pairs
separate," is another way of expressing Mendel's law of _____. a. | dominance | c. | independent assortment | b. | first filial
generations | d. | segregation | | | | |
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53.
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The structure most responsible
for maintaining cell homeostasis is the _____. a. | cytoplasm | c. | cell wall | b. | mitochondrion | d. | plasma membrane | | | | |
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54.
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The chromosome abnormality that
occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and is added to a different chromosome is
_____. a. | deletion | c. | translocation | b. | nondisjunction | d. | inversion | | | | |
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55.
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As a cell grows, its _____
increases more than its _____. a. | length,
volume | c. | volume, surface area | b. | width, surface
area | d. | none of these | | | | |
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56.
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Crossing over results in a
_____. a. | female genotype | c. | genetic
recombination | b. | male genotype | d. | phenotype
replication | | | | |
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57.
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The process by which a DNA
molecule is copied is called _____. a. | binary
fission | c. | replication | b. | mitosis | d. | translation | | | | |
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58.
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A couple has two children, both
of whom are boys. What is the chance that the parents' next child will be a boy?
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59.
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A DNA nucleotide may be made up
of a phosphate group, along with _____. a. | deoxyribose sugar and
uracil | c. | deoxyribose sugar and thymine | b. | ribose sugar and adenine | d. | ribose sugar and cytosine | | | | |
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60.
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Which of the following explains
why a cell's size is limited? a. | Volume increases faster than surface
area. | b. | Surface area increases faster than volume. | c. | Homeostasis is disrupted by a cell that is too large. | d. | both a and c | | |
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61.
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A chromatid is attached to a
spindle fiber by the _____. a. | nucleolus | c. | centromere | b. | deep furrow | d. | centriole | | | | |
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62.
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Which one of the following
nucleotide pair bonds would be found in a DNA molecule? a. | adenine-guanine | c. | adenine-cytosine | b. | guanine-cytosine | d. | cytosine-uracil | | | | |
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63.
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Cells containing two alleles
for each trait are described as _____. a. | haploid | c. | diploid | b. | gametes | d. | homozygous | | | | |
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64.
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A DNA segment is changed
from-AATTAG- to -AAATAG-. This is a ____. a. | frameshift
mutation | c. | inversion | b. | point
mutation | d. | deletion | | | | |
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Figure
11-4
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65.
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What will be the result of the
mutation in Figure 11-4? a. | it will have no affect on protein
function | b. | only one amino acid will change | c. | nearly every amino acid in the protein will be changed | d. | the organism will die | | |
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66.
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What type of mutation has
occurred in Figure 11-4? a. | point
mutation | c. | translocation | b. | deletion | d. | frameshift | | | | |
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67.
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If a cell is placed in salt
water, water leaves the cell by _____. a. | osmosis | c. | active transport | b. | diffusion | d. | phagocytosis | | | | |
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68.
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A female guinea pig homozygous
dominant for black fur color is mated with a male homozygous for white fur color. In a litter of
eight offspring, there would probably be _____. a. | 8 black guinea
pigs | b. | 4 black and 4 white guinea pigs | c. | 2 black, 4 gray, and 2 white guinea pigs | d. | 8 white guinea pigs | | |
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