Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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1.
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Water moves into a cell placed
in a(n) _____ solution. a. | osmotic | c. | hypotonic | b. | hypertonic | d. | isotonic | | | | |
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2.
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Water moves out of a cell if
the cell is placed in a(n) _____ solution. a. | hypertonic | c. | hypotonic | b. | isotonic | d. | passive | | | | |
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3.
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If cells are placed in a strong
sugar solution, water will _____. a. | pass from the sugar solution to the
cells | b. | pass from the cells to the sugar solution | c. | stay in the cell | d. | pass back and
forth | | |
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4.
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A cell moves particles from a
region of lesser concentration to a region of greater concentration by _____. a. | facilitated diffusion | c. | osmosis | b. | passive
transport | d. | active transport | | | | |
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5.
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If a cell is placed in salt
water, water leaves the cell by _____. a. | osmosis | c. | active transport | b. | diffusion | d. | phagocytosis | | | | |
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6.
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Which of the following is
not a form of passive transport? a. | facilitated
diffusion | c. | facilitated diffusion | b. | endocytosis | d. | osmosis | | | | |
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7.
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The structure most responsible
for maintaining cell homeostasis is the _____. a. | cytoplasm | c. | cell wall | b. | mitochondrion | d. | plasma membrane | | | | |
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8.
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The causes of cancer may
include which of the following? a. | environmental
influences | c. | viruses | b. | UV
radiation | d. | all of the above | | | | |
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9.
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A gene is a segment of DNA that
controls the production of _____. a. | carbohydrates | c. | centromeres | b. | microtubules | d. | proteins | | | | |
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10.
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Which of the following monitors
a cell's progress from phase to phase during the cell cycle? a. | a series of enzymes | c. | lipid molecules | b. | microtubules | d. | protein molecules | | | | |
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11.
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If the sides of a cell double
in length, its volume increases by _____ times.
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12.
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If the sides of a cell double
in length, its surface area becomes _____ times as large.
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13.
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Which of the following explains
why a cell's size is limited? a. | Volume increases faster than surface
area. | b. | Surface area increases faster than volume. | c. | Homeostasis is disrupted by a cell that is too large. | d. | both a and c | | |
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14.
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As a cell grows, its _____
increases more than its _____. a. | length,
volume | c. | volume, surface area | b. | width, surface
area | d. | none of these | | | | |
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15.
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Among the following, the term
that includes the others is _____. a. | interphase | c. | mitosis | b. | nuclear division | d. | cell cycle | | | | |
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16.
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By the end of prophase, each of
the following has occurred except _____. a. | tighter coiling of the
chromosomes | b. | breaking down of the nuclear envelope | c. | disappearing of the nucleolus | d. | lining up of chromosomes in the cell | | |
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17.
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Unlike plant cells, animal
cells contain _____. a. | cell walls | c. | nucleoli | b. | centrioles | d. | spindles | | | | |
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18.
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The longest phase of the cell
cycle is _____. a. | prophase | c. | metaphase | b. | interphase | d. | mitosis | | | | |
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19.
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A chromatid is attached to a
spindle fiber by the _____. a. | nucleolus | c. | centromere | b. | deep furrow | d. | centriole | | | | |
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20.
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Which of the following
structures is the most complex? a. | cell | c. | organ | b. | organ system | d. | tissue | | | | |
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21.
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Which conditions shown in
Figure 8-4 might cause a cell to burst?
Figure 8-4
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22.
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What cell process is
responsible for the effect shown in Figure 8-5?
Figure
8-5 a. | active transport | c. | facilitated
diffusion | b. | passive transport | d. | osmosis | | | | |
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23.
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The chromosomes shown in Figure
8-6 are in which state of mitosis?
Figure 8-6 a. | prophase | c. | anaphase | b. | metaphase | d. | telophase | | | | |
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24.
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What level of organization is
shown in Figure 8-7?
a. | tissue | c. | organ system | b. | organ | d. | organism | | | | |
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Figure
8-8
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25.
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Which of the cells depicted in
the line graph in Figure 8-8 are most likely cancerous?
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26.
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If cancer is present, what is
the likely explanation for what happened to cells B and D? a. | they thrived with the cancerous cells | b. | they were harmed by radiation therapy | c. | they died off on due to natural causes | d. | they died off because the cancerous cells deprived them of
nutrients | | |
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27.
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When an area of a chromatid is
exchanged with the matching area on a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, _____
occurs. a. | crossing over | c. | hybridization | b. | mutagenesis | d. | fertilization | | | | |
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28.
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Crossing over results in a
_____. a. | female genotype | c. | genetic
recombination | b. | male genotype | d. | phenotype
replication | | | | |
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29.
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The _____ produced by each
parent are shown along the sides of a Punnett square. a. | zygotes | c. | gametes | b. | offspring | d. | hybrids | | | | |
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30.
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A useful device for predicting
the possible offspring of crosses between different genotypes is the _____. a. | law of dominance | c. | Punnett square | b. | law of independent assortment | d. | testcross | | | | |
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31.
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Which of the following
describes an organism that has the genotype Bb? a. | homozygous | c. | inbreed | b. | heterozygous | d. | all of these | | | | |
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32.
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Mendel's law of segregation
states that during meiosis, the factors that control each trait separate, and only _____ from each
pair is/are passed to the offspring. a. | one factor | c. | two factors | b. | the dominant trait | d. | the recessive trait | | | | |
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33.
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The law of independent
assortment states that the inheritance of alleles for one trait is not affected by the inheritance of
alleles for a different trait if the genes for the traits are on _____. a. | separate chromosomes | c. | the same chromosome | b. | homologous chromosomes | d. | homozygous chromosomes | | | | |
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34.
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The passing on of traits from
parents to offspring is called _____. a. | genetics | c. | inbreeding | b. | heredity | d. | gene splicing | | | | |
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35.
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The statement: "In
meiosis, the way in which a chromosome pair separates does not affect the way other pairs
separate," is another way of expressing Mendel's law of _____. a. | dominance | c. | independent assortment | b. | first filial
generations | d. | Punnett squares | | | | |
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36.
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Cells containing two alleles
for each trait are described as _____. a. | haploid | c. | diploid | b. | gametes | d. | homozygous | | | | |
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37.
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The gamete that contains genes
contributed only by the mother is _____. a. | the sperm | c. | a zygote | b. | an egg | d. | dominant | | | | |
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38.
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Pollination can best be
described as _____. a. | the fusing of the egg nucleus with the
pollen nucleus | b. | the transfer of the male pollen grain to the female
organ | c. | the formation of male and female sex cells | d. | the type of cell division that produces diploid gametes | | |
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39.
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A couple has two children, both
of whom are boys. What is the chance that the parents' next child will be a boy?
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40.
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A dog's phenotype can be
determined by _____. a. | looking at the dog's
parents | b. | examining the dog's chromosomes | c. | mating the dog and examining its offspring | d. | looking at the dog | | |
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41.
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A female guinea pig homozygous
dominant for black fur color is mated with a male homozygous for white fur color. In a litter of
eight offspring, there would probably be _____. a. | 8 black guinea
pigs | b. | 4 black and 4 white guinea pigs | c. | 2 black, 4 gray, and 2 white guinea pigs | d. | 8 white guinea pigs | | |
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42.
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The numbers in Figure 10-1
represent the chromosome number found in each of the dog cells shown. The processes that are
occurring at A and B are _____.
Figure 10-1 a. | mitosis and
fertilization | c. | mitosis and pollination | b. | meiosis and
fertilization | d. | meiosis and pollination | | | | |
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43.
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Genes located on homologous
chromosomes may have alternate forms that control different forms of a trait. These alternate forms
of a gene are called _____. a. | alleles | c. | phenotypes | b. | centromeres | d. | gametes | | | | |
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44.
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A white mouse whose parents are
both white produces only brown offspring when mated with a brown mouse. The white mouse is most
probably _____. a. | homozygous recessive | c. | homozygous
dominant | b. | heterozygous | d. | haploid | | | | |
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45.
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In chickens, rose comb
(R) is dominant to single comb (r). A homozygous rose-combed rooster is mated with a
single-combed hen. All of the chicks in the F1 generation were kept together as a group
for several years. They were allowed to mate only within their own group. What is the expected
phenotype of the F2 chicks? a. | 100% rose comb | b. | 75% rose comb and 25% single comb | c. | 100% single comb | d. | 50% rose comb and 50% single
comb | | |
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46.
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In mink, brown fur color is
dominant to silver-blue fur color. If a homozygous brown mink is mated with a silver-blue mink and 8
offspring are produced, how many would be expected to be silver-blue?
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47.
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The diagram in Figure 10-2
shows a diploid cell with two homologous pairs of chromosomes. Due to independent assortment, the
possible allelic combinations that could be found in gametes produced by the meiotic division of this
cell are _____.
Figure 10-2 a. | Bb, Dd, BB, and
DD | c. | BbDd and BDbd | b. | BD, bD, Bd, and
bd | d. | Bd and bD only | | | | |
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48.
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Using Figure 10-3, which
process would result in the formation of chromosome C from chromosomes A and
B?
Figure
10-3 a. | asexual reproduction | c. | crossing over | b. | independent assortment | d. | segregation | | | | |
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Figure
10-5
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49.
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According to Figure 10-5, the
constricted pod shape is _____. a. | dominant | c. | segregated | b. | recessive | d. | hybrid | | | | |
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50.
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What is the genotype of
generation 1 in Figure 10-5?
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51.
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What is the phenotype of
generation 1 in Figure 10-5? a. | II | c. | inflated | b. | Ii | d. | constricted | | | | |
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52.
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What is the genotype in the
bottom left-hand quadrant in Figure 10-6?
Figure 10-6
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Figure
10-7
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53.
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How should the top row of
Figure 10-7 read? a. | MMXX, MMXx, MmXX, MmXx | c. | mMXX, mMXx, mmXX,
mmXx | b. | MMxX, MMxx, MmxX, Mmxx | d. | mMxX, mMxx, mmxX,
mmxx | | | | |
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54.
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What fraction of this cross
will be recessive for both traits?
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Figure
10-8
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55.
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In Figure 10-8, what gametes
will result if there is only a single crossover?
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56.
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In Figure 10-8, what gamaetes
will result if each chromatid crossed with a nonsister chromatid?
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57.
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Which one of the following
nucleotide pair bonds would be found in a DNA molecule? a. | adenine-guanine | c. | adenine-cytosine | b. | guanine-cytosine | d. | cytosine-uracil | | | | |
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58.
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The backbone of a DNA molecule
is made of which two components? a. | phosphate molecules and ribose
sugars | b. | deoxyphosphate molecules and ribose sugars | c. | phosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars | d. | deoxyphosphate molecules and deoxyribose sugars | | |
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59.
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Ribosomes are made of
_____. a. | rRNA and protein | c. | rRNA and mRNA | b. | tRNA and mRNA | d. | protein and tRNA | | | | |
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60.
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Watson and Crick were the first
to suggest that DNA is _____. a. | a short
molecule | c. | a protein molecule | b. | the shape of a double
helix | d. | the genetic material | | | | |
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61.
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The chromosome abnormality that
occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and is added to a different chromosome is
_____. a. | deletion | c. | translocation | b. | nondisjunction | d. | inversion | | | | |
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62.
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Which of the following would be
least likely to happen as a result of a mutation in a person's skin cells? a. | skin cancer | b. | reduced functioning of the skin
cell | c. | no change in functioning of the skin cell | d. | the person's offspring have mutated skin | | |
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63.
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The pairing of _____ in DNA is
the key feature that allows DNA to be copied. a. | nucleotides | c. | chromosomes | b. | nitrogen
bases | d. | codons | | | | |
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64.
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The process by which a DNA
molecule is copied is called _____. a. | binary
fission | c. | replication | b. | mitosis | d. | translation | | | | |
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65.
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A DNA nucleotide may be made up
of a phosphate group, along with _____. a. | deoxyribose sugar and
uracil | c. | deoxyribose sugar and thymine | b. | ribose sugar and adenine | d. | ribose sugar and cytosine | | | | |
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66.
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Which series is arranged in
order from largest to smallest in size? a. | chromosome, nucleus, cell, DNA,
nucleotide | b. | cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide | c. | nucleotide, chromosome, cell, DNA, nucleus | d. | cell, nucleotide, nucleus, DNA, chromosome | | |
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67.
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Messenger RNA is formed in the
process of _____. a. | transcription | c. | replication | b. | translation | d. | mutation | | | | |
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68.
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An RNA molecule is a polymer
composed of subunits known as _____. a. | polysaccharides | c. | nucleotides | b. | ribose
molecules | d. | uracil molecules | | | | |
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69.
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X rays, ultraviolet light, and
radioactive substances that can change the chemical nature of DNA are classified as
_____. a. | growth regulators | c. | hydrolytic
enzymes | b. | metamorphic molecules | d. | mutagens | | | | |
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Figure
11-1
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70.
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In which part of the cell does
this process shown in Figure 11-1 take place? a. | in the
nucleus | c. | at the ribosomes | b. | in food
vacuoles | d. | on the chromosome | | | | |
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71.
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Which of the structures in
Figure 11-1 are composed of RNA? a. | II and IV | c. | I and V | b. | III and IV | d. | III and V | | | | |
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72.
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Structure III in Figure 11-1
represents a(n) _____. a. | gene | c. | codon | b. | amino acid | d. | DNA molecule | | | | |
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73.
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The process illustrated in
Figure 11-1 is called _____. a. | translation | c. | monoploidy | b. | replication | d. | transcription | | | | |
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Help Wanted | Positions
Available in the genetics industry. Hundreds of entry-level openings for tireless workers. No
previous experience necessary. Must be able to transcribe code in a nuclear environment. The ability
to work in close association with ribosomes is a must. | Accuracy
and Speed vital for this job in the field of translation. Applicants must demonstrate skills in
transporting and positioning amino acids. Salary commensurate with
experience. | Executive Position available. Must be able to maintain genetic
continuity through replication and control cellular activity by regulation of enzyme production.
Limited number of openings. All benefits. | Supervisor of production of
proteins—all shifts. Must be able to follow exact directions from double-stranded template.
Travel from nucleus to the cytoplasm is additional job benefit. | |
Table
11-1
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74.
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Applicants for the fourth job
of the Help Wanted ad in Table 11-1, "Supervisor," could qualify if they were
_____.
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75.
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Applicants for the third job of
the Help Wanted ad in Table 11-1, "Executive Position," could qualify if they were
_____.
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76.
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Applicants for the second job
of the Help Wanted ad in Table 11-1, "Accuracy and Speed," could qualify if they were
_____.
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77.
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A DNA segment is changed
from-AATTAG- to -AAATAG-. This is a ____. a. | frameshift
mutation | c. | inversion | b. | point
mutation | d. | deletion | | | | |
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78.
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A DNA segment is changed from
-AATTAGAAATAG- to -ATTAGAAATAG-. This is a ____. a. | frameshift mutation | c. | inversion | b. | point
mutation | d. | translation | | | | |
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Figure
11-3
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79.
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Which structure shown in Figure
11-3 is a pyrimidine?
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80.
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Which structure shown in Figure
11-3 does not contain a nitrogenous base?
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81.
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Which structure shown in Figure
11-3 would attract a free cytosine nucleotide?
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Figure
11-4
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82.
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What type of mutation has
occurred in Figure 11-4? a. | point
mutation | c. | lethal | b. | frame
shift | d. | protein | | | | |
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83.
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What will be the result of the
mutation in Figure 11-4? a. | it will have no affect on protein
function | b. | only one amino acid will change | c. | nearly every amino acid in the protein will be changed | d. | the organism will die | | |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
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84.
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The structures that hold
together sister chromatids are ____________________.
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85.
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In a dividing cell, the
football-shaped structure consisting of thin fibers is the ____________________.
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86.
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The process by which nuclear
material is divided equally between two new cells is ____________________.
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87.
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The dark-staining structures
that carry the genetic material are the ____________________.
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88.
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The uncontrolled division of
cells that results in a malignant growth is known as ____________________.
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89.
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The two halves of a doubled
chromosome structure are called ____________________.
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90.
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The sequence of growth and
division of a cell makes up the ____________________.
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91.
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The phase of mitosis in which
the sister chromatids separate from each other is ____________________.
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92.
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Cells that work together to
perform the same function are organized into ____________________.
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93.
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Watson and Crick called the
three-dimensional shape of DNA a ____________________.
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94.
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When parts of chromosomes are
broken off and lost during mitosis or meiosis, the result is a(n) ____________________.
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95.
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The process of converting RNA
code into an amino acid sequence is called ____________________.
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96.
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If a nucleotide is added or
removed from a DNA molecule and mRNA is created, the codons after the mutation will not be read
correctly. This is a ____________________.
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97.
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A change in a single base pair
of the DNA molecule that affects the synthesis of an entire protein is called a(n)
____________________.
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98.
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The molecule
____________________ brings amino acids to the ribosomes for the assembly of proteins.
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99.
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Each set of three nitrogen
bases representing an amino acid is referred to as a(n) ____________________.
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100.
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The process by which DNA makes
a copy of itself is called ____________________.
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101.
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Thymine, adenine, guanine, and
cytosine are classified as ____________________.
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102.
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Watson and Crick, with the help
of Rosalind Franklin, developed the ____________________ model of DNA.
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103.
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A(n) ____________________
involves the addition or deletion of a single base in a DNA molecule.
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104.
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During the process of
transcription, DNA serves as the template for making ____________________, which leaves the nucleus
and travels to the ribosomes.
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105.
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Translation is to protein as
transcription is to ____________________.
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106.
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DNA is to RNA as double
stranded is to ____________________.
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107.
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Adenine is to thymine as
guanine is to ____________________.
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Matching
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Match each item with the
correct statement below. a. | exocytosis | d. | isotonic
solution | b. | gene | e. | osmosis | c. | diffusion | f. | hypertonic
solution | | | | |
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108.
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movement of particles from an
area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
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109.
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the concentration of dissolved
substances outside the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell
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110.
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the concentration of dissolved
substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the
cell
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111.
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a segment of DNA that controls
the production of a protein
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112.
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diffusion of water molecules
through a selectively permeable membrane
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113.
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release of wastes or cell
products from inside to outside a cell
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Match each item with the
correct statement below. a. | crossing
over | e. | haploid | b. | meiosis | f. | homozygous | c. | dihybrid | g. | zygote | d. | heredity | h. | fertilization | | | | |
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114.
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A cross involving two different
traits
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115.
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The exchange of genetic
material between homologous chromosomes
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116.
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The uniting of the male and
female gametes
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117.
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The cell produced when a male
gamete fuses with a female gamete
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118.
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The type of cell division that
produces gametes
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119.
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A cell that contains one member
of each chromosome pair
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120.
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The alleles present for a trait
are the same
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121.
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The passing of characteristics
from parents to offspring
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